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Christopher Pearse Cranch (March 8, 1813 – January 20, 1892) was an American writer and artist. ==Biography== Cranch was born in the District of Columbia. His conservative father, William Cranch, was Chief Judge of the United States Circuit Court of the District of Columbia,〔Carpenter, Hazen C. "Emerson and Christopher Pearse Cranch" in ''The New England Quarterly''. Vol. 37, No. 1 (March 1964): 26.〕 while his brother John was a painter. He graduated from Columbian College (now George Washington University) in 1835 before attending Harvard Divinity School and becoming a licensed preacher.〔Carpenter, Hazen C. "Emerson and Christopher Pearse Cranch" in ''The New England Quarterly''. Vol. 37, No. 1 (March 1964): 19.〕 He traveled as a Unitarian minister, preaching in Providence, Andover, Richmond, Bangor, Portland, Boston, Washington, and St. Louis.〔 Later, he pursued various occupations: a magazine editor, caricaturist, children's fantasy writer (the ''Huggermugger'' books), poet (''The Bird and the Bell with Other Poems'' in 1875), translator, and landscape painter. He lived much of his life in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Though not one of its founding members, Cranch became associated with the Transcendental Club;〔Gura, Philip F. ''American Transcendentalism: A History''. New York: Hill and Wang, 2007: 7–8. ISBN 0-8090-3477-8〕 he read Ralph Waldo Emerson's ''Nature'' by December 1836 and beginning in June 1837 served as a substitute editor of the ''Western Messenger'' in the absence of James Freeman Clarke.〔 For that journal, Cranch reviewed Emerson's Phi Beta Kappa address at Harvard in August 1837 known as "The American Scholar". He referred to the speech as "so full of beauties, full of original thought and illustration" and its author as "the man of genius, the bold deep thinker, and the concise original writer".〔Carpenter, Hazen C. "Emerson and Christopher Pearse Cranch" in ''The New England Quarterly''. Vol. 37, No. 1 (March 1964): 20.〕 Cranch's connection with the Transcendentalists ultimately diminished his demand as a minister. His poetry was published in ''The Harbinger''〔Felton, R. Todd. ''A Journey into the Transcendentalists' New England''. Berkeley, California: Roaring Forties Press, 2006: 126. ISBN 0-9766706-4-X〕 and ''The Dial''〔Packer, Barbara L. ''The Transcendentalists''. Athens, Georgia: The University of Georgia Press, 2007: 119. ISBN 978-0-8203-2958-1〕 among other publications. He sent "Enosis", which Hazen Carpenter noted as perhaps Cranch's most well-known poem, to Emerson for ''The Dial'' on March 2, 1840.〔Carpenter, Hazen C. "Emerson and Christopher Pearse Cranch" in ''The New England Quarterly''. Vol. 37, No. 1 (March 1964): 24-25.〕 As an artist, Cranch painted landscapes similar to the work of Thomas Cole, the Hudson River school, and the Barbizon school in France. In one foray into historical painting, Cranch depicted the burning of P. T. Barnum's American Museum in New York City. Later in life, Cranch painted scenes from Venice and Italy. Cranch's caricatures of Emerson were later bound as ''Illustrations of the New Philosophy: Guide''. Perhaps his most well-remembered and recognized artwork is a hand-drawn caricature illustrating Emerson's concept of the "transparent eyeball".〔Robinson, David. "The Career and Reputation of Christopher Pearse Cranch: An Essay in Biography and Bibliography" in ''Studies in the American Renaissance''. 1978: 455.〕 In 1850, he was elected into the National Academy of Design as an Associate Academician, and became a full Academician in 1864. He died in 1892 and was buried at Mount Auburn Cemetery in Massachusetts. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Christopher Pearse Cranch」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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